Annu Rev Psychol. 2009;60:197-227
Addictive Behaviors Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. elizbeth@u.washington.edu
Co-occurring disorders present serious challenges to traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment systems. Among adolescents in need of behavioral health services, co-occurring disorders are highly prevalent and difficult to treat. Without effective intervention, youth with co-occurring disorders are at increased risk of serious medical and legal problems, incarceration, suicide, school difficulties and dropout, unemployment, and poor interpersonal relationships. (More)